(الاثنا عشرِيَّة) فرقة من الشِّيعَة الإمامية يَقُولُونَ بِاثْنَيْ عشر إِمَامًا أَوَّلهمْ عَليّ بن أبي طَالب وَآخرهمْ الإِمَام المنتظر

عُشْرِية
من (ع ش ر) مؤنث عُشْرِي.

عِشْرِيّة
من (ع ش ر) مؤنث عِشْرِيّ.

عَشْرِية
من (ع ش ر) مؤنث عَشْرِي.

الأرض العُشرية: ما فيها عشر أو نصف عشر وليس فيها الخراج، وهي ما أسلم أهلُه طوعاً أو فُتح عنوةً وقسمت على جيش المسلمين، وإن تركت عند أهلها من الكَفَرة فهي خراجية.

الاثنا عَشْرِيَّة: أَن يُؤْخَذ من أول البرج إِلَى الدرجَة والدقيقة الَّتِي فِيهَا الْكَوْكَب وَيضْرب فِي اثنى عشر، ويلقى مَا اجْتمع من أول البرج فَحَيْثُ انْتهى، فَفِي ذَلِك البرج، وَتلك الدرج اثْنَا عشرِيَّة الْكَوْكَب.

الرسالة العشرية
لجلال الدين: محمد بن أسعد الصديقي، الدواني.
المتوفى: سنة 908، ثمان وتسعمائة.
أرسلها: مع المولى: ابن المؤيد، إلى السلطان: بايزيد خان العثماني.

The Twelvers: The Twelvers is a Shia sect that is named as such because they believe in the Imāmate of twelve men from the Prophet’s family. The first Imām is ‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) and the last is Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-‘Askari, who allegedly went into occultation. The Twelvers claim that he entered an underground chamber in Samarra in Iraq, in the middle of the third Hijri century, and that he has remained alive there until today. So they await his emergence. The Twelvers are also known as the Rāfidis, Ja‘faris, and Imāmis. They branch out into multiple sub-sects including Shaykhis, Kashfis, and Bābis. The Twelver Rāfidis have beliefs and principles that contradict Islam, such as:
1. Believing that the Qur’an is distorted.
2. Considering the Prophet’s Companions as disbelievers, insulting and hating them all except a few. They also disown the first three Caliphs: Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, and ‘Uthmān (may Allah be pleased with them), and describe them with the most detestable attributes because, as they claim, they seized the caliphate from ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) while he was the most entitled to it.
3. Believing that the twelve Imāms are infallible and immune to mistakes, forgetfulness, and sins; and they know the unseen.
4. Venerating graves and tombs and supplicating the deceased.
5. Believing in Taqiyyah, considering it a fundamental of the religion, and whoever abandons it is like the one who abandons prayer.
6. Believing that temporary marriage is the best of customs and pious acts that bring them closer to Allah.