Scholastic Theologians: “Scholastic Theologians” is a title widely used for many sects in the Muslim Ummah. They came up with logical methods and philosophical theories to establish and affirm beliefs and to rebut those who oppose them in these matters, turning away from the teachings of the Qur’an and Sunnah. ‘Ilm al-Kalām (scholastic theology) refers to the science based upon false intellectual evidences and invalid philosophical proofs to affirm and establish beliefs. Scholastic theologians emerged at the end of the era of the Tābi‘is (the generation after the Prophet’s Companions) in Basrah. They were called so because the first dispute in religion was related to the speech (Kalām) of Allah Almighty, as to whether it was created or not. People spoke about it and delved into the subject, hence, they were called “Ahl al-Kalām”. It was also said that they were called as such because they frequently spoke, argued, and delved into matters related to creed, such as Allah’s attributes, resurrection and other issues, without referring to the Qur’an and Sunnah. Scholastic theologians do not fall in one category or degree. They include many sects, each of which is attributed to its founder like Jahmis, followers of Al-Jahm ibn Safwān; Mu‘tazilites, followers of ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and Wāsil ibn ‘Atā’; Ash‘arites, followers of Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari, and others.